Autori:Falko Timme, F4RR3LL | Sven
Questo tutorial spiega come compilare nginx con l'ultima versione del modulo nginx_pagespeed su Debian Jessie. Il modulo PageSpeed applica le best practice per le prestazioni web alle pagine e alle risorse associate (CSS, JavaScript, immagini) e quindi velocizza il tuo sito web e riduce i tempi di caricamento.
1 Costruire nginx con PageSpeed
nginx non supporta il caricamento dinamico dei moduli, quindi dobbiamo ricostruirlo con il supporto di PageSpeed. Creeremo nginx come pacchetto .deb in modo da poter sostituire la nostra installazione esistente di nginx con esso (o installarlo facilmente su altri sistemi).
Crea prima la directory build:
cd /usr/src
mkdir nginx-pagespeed && cd nginx-pagespeed
Assicurati di avere le righe deb e deb-src per Jessie in /etc/apt/sources.list:
nano /etc/apt/sources.list
[...] deb http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian jessie main contrib non-free deb-src http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian jessie main contrib non-free [...]
Aggiorna l'elenco dei pacchetti e installa alcuni prerequisiti:
apt-get update
apt-get install dpkg-dev build-essential zlib1g-dev libpcre3 libpcre3-dev unzip curl libcurl4-openssl-dev libossp-uuid-dev
Scarica i sorgenti di nginx e le dipendenze di build:
apt-get source nginx
apt-get build-dep nginx
Controlliamo la nostra versione di nginx:
ls -l
[email protected]:/usr/src/nginx-pagespeed# ls -l
insgesamt 1388
drwxr-xr-x 10 root root 4096 Apr 29 22:16 nginx-1.6.2
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 604568 Dez 1 12:51 nginx_1.6.2-5.debian.tar.xz
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 2827 Dez 1 12:51 nginx_1.6.2-5.dsc
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 804164 Sep 17 2014 nginx_1.6.2.orig.tar.gz
La nostra versione di nginx è 1.6.2. Andiamo nella directory debian/modules dei sorgenti nginx scaricati...
cd /usr/src/nginx-pagespeed/nginx-1.6.2/debian/modules/
... e scarica i sorgenti di PageSpeed (puoi controllare l'ultima versione su questa pagina:https://github.com/pagespeed/ngx_pagespeed/releases - in questo esempio la versione è 1.9.32.3-beta; se la tua versione è diversa , assicurati di sostituirlo nel resto di questo tutorial):
wget https://github.com/pagespeed/ngx_pagespeed/archive/release-1.9.32.3-beta.zip
unzip release-1.9.32.3-beta.zip
mv ngx_pagespeed-release-1.9.32.3-beta/ ngx_pagespeed
cd ngx_pagespeed/
wget https://dl.google.com/dl/page-speed/psol/1.9.32.3.tar.gz
tar -xzvf 1.9.32.3.tar.gz
Modifichiamo il file debian/rules:
nano /usr/src/nginx-pagespeed/nginx-1.6.2/debian/rules
In quel file troverai tre configure_flags sezioni in cui la riga:
–add-module=$(MODULESDIR)/ngx_pagespeed \
deve essere aggiunto:
nella sezione light_configure_flags dopo –without-http_uwsgi_module ,
nella sezione full_configure_flags dopo –with-mail_ssl_module,
nella sezione extras_configure_flags dopo –add-module=$(MODULESDIR)/nginx-development-kit
Il file risultante dovrebbe assomigliare a quello qui sotto (usa il tasto Tab per aggiungere lo spazio bianco davanti alle linee).
#!/usr/bin/make -f export DH_VERBOSE=1 debian_cflags:=$(shell dpkg-buildflags --get CFLAGS) $(shell dpkg-buildflags --get CPPFLAGS) debian_ldflags:=$(shell dpkg-buildflags --get LDFLAGS) # export necessary perl hardenging flags # see: src/http/modules/perl/Makefile.PL DEBIAN_NGINX_PERL_LDFLAGS:= $(debian_ldflags) export DEBIAN_NGINX_PERL_LDFLAGS FLAVOURS := full light extras MODULESDIR = $(CURDIR)/debian/modules BASEDIR = $(CURDIR) $(foreach flavour,$(FLAVOURS),$(eval BUILDDIR_$(flavour) = $(CURDIR)/debian/build-$(flavour))) DEB_BUILD_ARCH ?=$(shell dpkg-architecture -qDEB_BUILD_ARCH) ifeq ($(DEB_BUILD_ARCH),sparc) debian_cflags += -m32 -mcpu=ultrasparc endif ifneq (,$(filter parallel=%,$(DEB_BUILD_OPTIONS))) NUMJOBS = $(patsubst parallel=%,%,$(filter parallel=%,$(DEB_BUILD_OPTIONS))) MAKEFLAGS += -j$(NUMJOBS) endif # configure flags common_configure_flags := \ --with-cc-opt="$(debian_cflags)" \ --with-ld-opt="$(debian_ldflags)" \ --prefix=/usr/share/nginx \ --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf \ --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log \ --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log \ --lock-path=/var/lock/nginx.lock \ --pid-path=/run/nginx.pid \ --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/body \ --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/fastcgi \ --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/proxy \ --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/scgi \ --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/uwsgi \ --with-debug \ --with-pcre-jit \ --with-ipv6 \ --with-http_ssl_module \ --with-http_stub_status_module \ --with-http_realip_module \ --with-http_auth_request_module light_configure_flags := \ $(common_configure_flags) \ --with-http_gzip_static_module \ --without-http_browser_module \ --without-http_geo_module \ --without-http_limit_req_module \ --without-http_limit_zone_module \ --without-http_memcached_module \ --without-http_referer_module \ --without-http_scgi_module \ --without-http_split_clients_module \ --without-http_ssi_module \ --without-http_userid_module \ --without-http_uwsgi_module \ --add-module=$(MODULESDIR)/ngx_pagespeed \ --add-module=$(MODULESDIR)/nginx-echo full_configure_flags := \ $(common_configure_flags) \ --with-http_addition_module \ --with-http_dav_module \ --with-http_geoip_module \ --with-http_gzip_static_module \ --with-http_image_filter_module \ --with-http_spdy_module \ --with-http_sub_module \ --with-http_xslt_module \ --with-mail \ --with-mail_ssl_module \ --add-module=$(MODULESDIR)/ngx_pagespeed \ --add-module=$(MODULESDIR)/nginx-auth-pam \ --add-module=$(MODULESDIR)/nginx-dav-ext-module \ --add-module=$(MODULESDIR)/nginx-echo \ --add-module=$(MODULESDIR)/nginx-upstream-fair \ --add-module=$(MODULESDIR)/ngx_http_substitutions_filter_module extras_configure_flags := \ $(common_configure_flags) \ --with-http_addition_module \ --with-http_dav_module \ --with-http_flv_module \ --with-http_geoip_module \ --with-http_gzip_static_module \ --with-http_image_filter_module \ --with-http_mp4_module \ --with-http_perl_module \ --with-http_random_index_module \ --with-http_secure_link_module \ --with-http_spdy_module \ --with-http_sub_module \ --with-http_xslt_module \ --with-mail \ --with-mail_ssl_module \ --add-module=$(MODULESDIR)/headers-more-nginx-module \ --add-module=$(MODULESDIR)/nginx-auth-pam \ --add-module=$(MODULESDIR)/nginx-cache-purge \ --add-module=$(MODULESDIR)/nginx-dav-ext-module \ --add-module=$(MODULESDIR)/nginx-development-kit \ --add-module=$(MODULESDIR)/ngx_pagespeed \ --add-module=$(MODULESDIR)/ngx-fancyindex \ --add-module=$(MODULESDIR)/nginx-http-push \ --add-module=$(MODULESDIR)/nginx-lua \ --add-module=$(MODULESDIR)/nginx-upload-progress \ --add-module=$(MODULESDIR)/nginx-upstream-fair \ --add-module=$(MODULESDIR)/ngx_http_substitutions_filter_module %: dh [email protected] --with systemd override_dh_auto_configure: $(foreach flavour,$(FLAVOURS),config.arch.$(flavour)) override_dh_auto_build: $(foreach flavour,$(FLAVOURS),build.arch.$(flavour)) override_dh_strip: $(foreach flavour,$(FLAVOURS),strip.arch.$(flavour)) override_dh_clean: $(foreach flavour,$(FLAVOURS),clean.$(flavour)) dh_clean override_dh_installinit: dh_installinit --no-restart-on-upgrade --no-start --name=nginx override_dh_systemd_enable: dh_systemd_enable --name=nginx override_dh_installlogrotate: dh_installlogrotate --package nginx-common --name=nginx build.arch.%: $(MAKE) -C $(BUILDDIR_$*) build strip.arch.%: dh_strip --package=nginx-$(*) --dbg-package=nginx-$(*)-dbg config.arch.%: dh_testdir mkdir -p $(BUILDDIR_$*) cp -Pa $(CURDIR)/auto $(BUILDDIR_$*)/ cp -Pa $(CURDIR)/conf $(BUILDDIR_$*)/ cp -Pa $(CURDIR)/configure $(BUILDDIR_$*)/ cp -Pa $(CURDIR)/contrib $(BUILDDIR_$*)/ cp -Pa $(CURDIR)/src $(BUILDDIR_$*)/ cp -Pa $(CURDIR)/man $(BUILDDIR_$*)/ cd $(BUILDDIR_$*) && ./configure $($*_configure_flags) clean.%: rm -rf $(BUILDDIR_$*)
Quindi esegui:
cd /usr/src/nginx-pagespeed/nginx-1.6.2/ && dpkg-buildpackage -b
per creare il nuovo pacchetto nginx .deb. Successivamente, diamo un'occhiata ai pacchetti generati:
cd /usr/src/nginx-pagespeed
ls -l
[email protected]:/usr/src/nginx-pagespeed# ls -l
insgesamt 99720
drwxr-xr-x 10 root root 4096 Apr 29 22:16 nginx-1.6.2
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 72086 Apr 29 23:06 nginx_1.6.2-5_all.deb
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 3961 Apr 29 23:08 nginx_1.6.2-5_amd64.changes
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 604568 Dez 1 12:51 nginx_1.6.2-5.debian.tar.xz
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 2827 Dez 1 12:51 nginx_1.6.2-5.dsc
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 804164 Sep 17 2014 nginx_1.6.2.orig.tar.gz
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 86540 Apr 29 23:06 nginx-common_1.6.2-5_all.deb
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 83716 Apr 29 23:06 nginx-doc_1.6.2-5_all.deb
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 3403690 Apr 29 23:08 nginx-extras_1.6.2-5_amd64.deb
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 31745456 Apr 29 23:08 nginx-extras-dbg_1.6.2-5_amd64.deb
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 3232788 Apr 29 23:07 nginx-full_1.6.2-5_amd64.deb
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 29932616 Apr 29 23:07 nginx-full-dbg_1.6.2-5_amd64.deb
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 3136400 Apr 29 23:07 nginx-light_1.6.2-5_amd64.deb
-rw-r–r– 1 root root 28975322 Apr 29 23:08 nginx-light-dbg_1.6.2-5_amd64.deb
Ora possiamo installare nginx con il supporto di PageSpeed come segue:
dpkg --install nginx-common_1.6.2-5_all.deb nginx_1.6.2-5_all.deb nginx-full_1.6.2-5_amd64.deb
Quindi riavvia nginx:
service nginx restart
Verifichiamo se il modulo PageSpeed è stato compilato correttamente:
nginx -V
Dovresti vedere il modulo ngx_pagespeed nell'output:
[email protected]:/usr/src/nginx-pagespeed# nginx -V
nginx version: nginx/1.6.2
TLS SNI support enabled
configure arguments: –with-cc-opt='-g -O2 -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2' –with-ld-opt=-Wl,-z,relro –prefix=/usr/share/nginx –conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf –http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log –error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log –lock-path=/var/lock/nginx.lock –pid-path=/run/nginx.pid –http-client-body-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/body –http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/fastcgi –http-proxy-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/proxy –http-scgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/scgi –http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/uwsgi –with-debug –with-pcre-jit –with-ipv6 –with-http_ssl_module –with-http_stub_status_module –with-http_realip_module –with-http_auth_request_module –with-http_addition_module –with-http_dav_module –with-http_geoip_module –with-http_gzip_static_module –with-http_image_filter_module –with-http_spdy_module –with-http_sub_module –with-http_xslt_module –with-mail –with-mail_ssl_module –add-module=/usr/src/nginx-pagespeed/nginx-1.6.2/debian/modules/ngx_pagespeed –add-module=/usr/src/nginx-pagespeed/nginx-1.6.2/debian/modules/nginx-auth-pam –add-module=/usr/src/nginx-pagespeed/nginx-1.6.2/debian/modules/nginx-dav-ext-module –add-module=/usr/src/nginx-pagespeed/nginx-1.6.2/debian/modules/nginx-echo –add-module=/usr/src/nginx-pagespeed/nginx-1.6.2/debian/modules/nginx-upstream-fair –add-module=/usr/src/nginx-pagespeed/nginx-1.6.2/debian/modules/ngx_http_substitutions_filter_module
2 Configurazione di PageSpeed
Per abilitare PageSpeed, apri /etc/nginx/nginx.conf...
nano /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
... e aggiungi le righe su pagespeed; e pagespeed FileCachePath /var/ngx_pagespeed_cache; prima di qualsiasi vhost:
[...] pagespeed on; pagespeed FileCachePath /var/ngx_pagespeed_cache; ## # Virtual Host Configs ## include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf; include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*; [...]
Crea la directory della cache e ricarica nginx:
mkdir /var/ngx_pagespeed_cache
chown -R www-data:www-data /var/ngx_pagespeed_cache
service nginx reload
Carichiamo una pagina e controlliamo se PageSpeed è menzionato nell'output:
curl -I -p http://localhost|grep X-Page-Speed
[email protected]:/usr/src/nginx-pagespeed# curl -I -p http://localhost|grep X-Page-Speed
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 0
X-Page-Speed: 1.9.32.3-4448
Ora possiamo configurare PageSpeed individualmente o ciascun vhost, ad es. così:
nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/example.com.vhost
server { [...] # let's speed up PageSpeed by storing it in the super duper fast memcached pagespeed MemcachedThreads 1; pagespeed MemcachedServers "localhost:11211"; # Filter settings pagespeed RewriteLevel CoreFilters; pagespeed EnableFilters collapse_whitespace,remove_comments; # Ensure requests for pagespeed optimized resources go to the pagespeed # handler and no extraneous headers get set. location ~ "\.pagespeed\.([a-z]\.)?[a-z]{2}\.[^.]{10}\.[^.]+" { add_header "" ""; } location ~ "^/ngx_pagespeed_static/" { } location ~ "^/ngx_pagespeed_beacon$" { } location /ngx_pagespeed_statistics { allow 127.0.0.1; deny all; } location /ngx_pagespeed_global_statistics { allow 127.0.0.1; deny all; } location /ngx_pagespeed_message { allow 127.0.0.1; deny all; } location /pagespeed_console { allow 127.0.0.1; deny all; } [...] }
La riga importante è la riga EnableFilters di pagespeed che indica a PageSpeed quali filtri dovrebbe applicare. Puoi trovare un elenco di tutti i filtri qui:http://ngxpagespeed.com/ngx_pagespeed_example/
Non dimenticare di riavviare nginx in seguito:
service nginx reload
Quando apri una pagina ora e dai un'occhiata alle intestazioni (ad esempio con il componente aggiuntivo Live HTTP headers per FireFox), dovresti vedere una linea x-page-speed. Puoi anche controllare i sorgenti HTML delle tue pagine per vedere se i filtri PageSpeed funzionano come previsto.
3 link
- Blog degli sviluppatori di Google:http://googledevelopers.blogspot.nl/2013/04/speed-up-your-sites-with-pagespeed-for.html
- ngx_pagespeed:https://developers.google.com/speed/pagespeed/ngx
- Costruzione/utilizzo di PageSpeed:https://github.com/pagespeed/ngx_pagespeed
- Esempi di filtri ngx_pagespeed:http://ngxpagespeed.com/ngx_pagespeed_example/