MariaDB è uno dei popolari sistemi di gestione di database open source utilizzati dalle piccole e grandi imprese. È un fork di MySQL, sviluppato da MariaDB Corporation Ab, guidato dagli sviluppatori originali di MySQL.
MariaDB è completamente compatibile con il database MySQL per garantire una capacità di sostituzione drop-in e viene utilizzato come server di database nello stack LAMP e LEMP.
In questo post vedremo come installare MariaDB su CentOS 7 / RHEL 7.
Installa MariaDB su CentOS 7 / RHEL 7
Puoi installare il pacchetto MariaDB su CentOS 7 / RHEL 7 utilizzando due sorgenti.
- Mirror ufficiale MariaDB (v10.6)
- Repository OS Base (v5.5)
Installa MariaDB dal mirror ufficiale di MariaDB
La fondazione MariaDB offre pacchetti MariaDB per CentOS 7 / RHEL 7. I pacchetti forniti dalla comunità MariaDB sono sempre aggiornati e sono supportati da loro.
Aggiungi il repository MariaDB al sistema offerto da MariaDB per CentOS 7 / RHEL 7.
### CentOS 7 ### cat <<EOF >> /etc/yum.repos.d/mariadb.repo [mariadb] name = MariaDB baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/10.6/centos7-amd64 gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB gpgcheck=1 EOF ### RHEL 7 ### cat <<EOF >> /etc/yum.repos.d/mariadb.repo [mariadb] name = MariaDB baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/10.6/rhel7-amd64 gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB gpgcheck=1 EOF
Installa il server MariaDB usando il seguente comando.
yum install -y MariaDB-server MariaDB-client
Installa MariaDB dal repository di base
L'installazione di MariaDB dal repository del sistema operativo di base è un modo semplice. Ma il repository potrebbe avere una versione un po' vecchia del pacchetto MariaDB.
yum -y install mariadb-server mariadb
Gestisci il servizio MariaDB
Avvia il servizio MariaDB con il seguente comando.
systemctl start mariadb
Verifica se MariaDB è in esecuzione o meno.
systemctl status mariadb
Abilita il servizio MariaDB per l'avvio automatico all'avvio del sistema.
systemctl enable mariadb
Installazione sicura di MariaDB
Utilizzare il comando mysql_secure_installation per eseguire la configurazione iniziale del server MariaDB.
Questo comando è generalmente consigliato per l'esecuzione nei server Linux di produzione per rimuovere utenti anonimi, testare i database e impedire l'accesso root remoto.
mysql_secure_installation
Mirror ufficiale MariaDB
NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB
SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!
In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user. If you've just installed MariaDB, and
haven't set the root password yet, you should just press enter here.
Enter current password for root (enter for none): << Just press enter
OK, successfully used password, moving on...
Setting the root password or using the unix_socket ensures that nobody
can log into the MariaDB root user without the proper authorisation.
You already have your root account protected, so you can safely answer 'n'.
Switch to unix_socket authentication [Y/n] N << Disable Unix Socket Authentication
... skipping.
You already have your root account protected, so you can safely answer 'n'.
Change the root password? [Y/n] Y << Change Root Password
New password: << Enter Password
Re-enter new password: << Re-Enter Password
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
... Success!
By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for
them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.
Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] Y << Remove Anonymous Users
... Success!
Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.
Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] Y << Disallow root login remotely
... Success!
By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.
Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] Y << Remove test database
- Dropping test database...
... Success!
- Removing privileges on test database...
... Success!
Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.
Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] Y << Reload Tables
... Success!
Cleaning up...
All done! If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB
installation should now be secure.
Thanks for using MariaDB!
Repository del sistema operativo di base
NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB
SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!
In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user. If you've just installed MariaDB, and
you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank,
so you should just press enter here.
Enter current password for root (enter for none): << Just Press Enter
OK, successfully used password, moving on...
Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDB
root user without the proper authorisation.
Set root password? [Y/n] Y << Set MariaDB root password
New password: << Enter password
Re-enter new password: << Re-Enter password
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
... Success!
By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for
them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.
Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] Y << Remove Anonymous user
... Success!
Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.
Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] Y << Disasslow root login remotely
... Success!
By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.
Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] Y << Remove test database
- Dropping test database...
... Success!
- Removing privileges on test database...
... Success!
Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.
Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] Y << Reload Tables
... Success!
Cleaning up...
All done! If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB
installation should now be secure.
Thanks for using MariaDB! Accedi a MariaDB
Accedi al server MariaDB.
mysql -u root -pSe hai installato MariaDB dal repository ufficiale, non devi inserire la password per accedere alla shell MariaDB quando sei un utente root Unix.
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MariaDB connection id is 22 Server version: 10.4.7-MariaDB MariaDB Server Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. MariaDB [(none)]>
Installa phpMyAdmin
Se non conosci MariaDB, considera l'installazione di phpMyAdmin per gestire il database tramite un browser web.
LEGGI: Come installare phpMyAdmin con Apache su CentOS 7 / RHEL 7
LEGGI: Come installare phpMyAdmin con Nginx su CentOS 7 / RHEL 7
Conclusione
È tutto. Spero che tu abbia imparato come installare MariaDB su CentOS 7 / RHEL 7 e abbia eseguito la configurazione iniziale. Leggi gli articoli per principianti su MariaDB per saperne di più su come lavorare con MariaDB.